How Plane, Rocket, and Factory Emissions Compare to Natural Sources

When it comes to climate change, transportation and industrial emissions often take the spotlight—but how do they stack up next to rocket launches and even natural emissions from animals and plants?

We broke it down with easy comparisons to help you see where the biggest climate impacts are happening.

Infographic comparing global greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, industrial factories, and livestock to show their relative climate impact.

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✈️ Jumbo Jet Flight Emissions

A single round-trip transatlantic flight per passenger emits about:

• 1 to 2 metric tons of CO₂

• That’s equal to:

  • 3–6 months of average car driving

  • 2–3 months of home energy use

  • Eating 120 lbs of beef

  • One week on a cruise ship

Despite being routine, air travel adds up fast.

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🚀 Rocket Launch Emissions

Rockets are intense. A single Falcon 9 launch emits:

• 200–300 metric tons of CO₂

• Per passenger (assuming 4 people): 50–75 tons each

  • That’s 25–75x more CO₂ than a flight

• Other emissions include:

  • Soot and black carbon at high altitudes

  • Water vapor and aluminum particles

  • Ozone-depleting chemicals (from some fuels)

🚀 Emissions happen higher in the atmosphere and linger longer, compounding their impact.

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🏭 Factory and Industrial Emissions

Factories, especially in heavy industry, are among the biggest climate contributors:

Industry	Global CO₂ Share	Notes
Cement	~8%	CO₂ from kilns and calcination
Steel	~7–9%	Coal-based blast furnaces
Petrochemicals	~3–4%	Oil refining & plastics
Aluminum	~1–2%	Electricity-intensive
Textiles	~2–3%	Fast fashion & synthetics

⚠️ A single large steel mill can emit 2–3 million tons of CO₂ annually—orders of magnitude more than flights or rockets.

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🐄🌿 Natural Emissions from Plants and Animals

Nature contributes emissions too, though it also offsets many:

🐄 Livestock (Methane):

• Enteric fermentation in cows and sheep releases methane (CH₄)

• Livestock emissions = ~6–7% of global GHGs

🌳 Plants & Forests:

• Forests respire and decay, emitting some CO₂

• But they absorb more than they emit—acting as carbon sinks

• Deforestation or forest fires flip them into sources

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📊 Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Breakdown

Here’s a simplified snapshot:

Source	% of Global GHG Emissions
🏭 Industrial/Factories	~24%
🚗 Transportation	~14–16%
🐄 Livestock Methane	~6–7%
🌿 Natural Plant Respiration	Net sink (absorbs more)

💡 Takeaway

While air travel and rocket launches get attention for their high emissions per trip, industry and agriculture quietly emit far more in total volume. Natural systems like forests are still our best defense—as long as we protect them.