Hazards of Landscaping Timbers, Railroad Ties & Treated Lumber

 Hazards of Landscaping Timbers, Railroad Ties, Treated Lumber, Pecky Cedar & Home Construction Lumber

Many homeowners and DIY enthusiasts use various types of wood in landscaping and home projects. However, not all wood is safe. Some materials, like treated lumber, railroad ties, and pecky cedar, can pose serious health and environmental risks. This guide explores the hazards associated with these materials and provides safer alternatives.

Old railroad ties and treated landscaping timbers with hazard sign

1. Landscaping Timbers

Landscaping timbers are commonly used for garden beds, retaining walls, and edging. Many older timbers are treated with creosote or chromated copper arsenate (CCA), both of which are toxic.

Hazards:

  • Creosote-treated timbers can release carcinogenic chemicals that pose risks through skin contact and inhalation.
  • CCA-treated wood leaches arsenic into soil and groundwater, posing environmental hazards.
  • Unsafe for use in vegetable gardens or areas where children play.

Safer Alternatives:

  • Untreated hardwoods such as cedar or redwood.
  • Composite or recycled plastic landscape timbers.
  • Natural stone or concrete blocks.

2. Railroad Ties

Railroad ties are a popular choice for outdoor projects due to their durability. However, they are almost always treated with creosote, making them hazardous.

Hazards:

  • Creosote contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known carcinogens.
  • Exposure can cause skin irritation, respiratory problems, and long-term health effects.
  • Harmful to plants, soil, and nearby water sources.

Safer Alternatives:

  • Reclaimed untreated hardwood beams.
  • Weather-resistant composite materials.
  • Metal or stone retaining walls.

3. Treated Lumber

Pressure-treated lumber is commonly used in decks, fences, and construction due to its resistance to rot and insects. However, older versions of treated wood contain arsenic and other hazardous chemicals.

Hazards:

  • Releases toxic dust when cut or sanded.
  • Arsenic leaches into surrounding soil and water.
  • Harmful if burned, releasing toxic fumes.

Safer Alternatives:

  • Naturally rot-resistant wood like cedar, cypress, or redwood.
  • Heat-treated or borate-treated lumber.
  • Composite decking or metal framing.

4. Pecky Cedar

Pecky cedar is wood that has been naturally damaged by fungus, creating hollow pockets. While aesthetically appealing, it can pose hidden risks.

Hazards:

  • The decayed areas may harbor mold, fungi, and pests.
  • Structural integrity is compromised, making it unsuitable for load-bearing projects.
  • Potential respiratory issues from fungal spores.

Safer Alternatives:

  • Solid cedar planks without fungal damage.
  • Reclaimed barn wood for rustic aesthetics.
  • Mold-resistant treated wood for outdoor use.

5. Home Construction Lumber

Many types of construction lumber, including plywood and engineered wood, contain adhesives and chemicals that may emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Hazards:

  • Formaldehyde in plywood and particle board can cause indoor air pollution.
  • Chemically treated lumber may off-gas toxic fumes over time.
  • Some low-grade lumber is prone to warping, rotting, or pest infestations.

Safer Alternatives:

  • FSC-certified sustainable wood.
  • Low-VOC plywood and engineered wood products.
  • Kiln-dried lumber for durability.

Conclusion

While wood is a versatile and sustainable building material, certain types, including treated lumber, railroad ties, and landscaping timbers, can be hazardous to health and the environment. Choosing natural, untreated, or eco-friendly alternatives ensures safety while maintaining durability in construction and landscaping projects.


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